三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道
精彩| 據(jù)??(ju)《國?(guo)語??(yu)·鄭??(zheng)語??(yu)》記??(ji)載??(zai)?，一??(yi)直??(zhi)到??(dao)西??(xi)周??(zhou)末?(mo)年??(nian)鄭??(zheng)國?(guo)東?(dong)遷??(qian)前??(qian)夕??(xi)?，史?(shi)伯??(bo)縱??(zong)論??(lun)天??(tian)下??(xia)形??(xing)勢?(shi)?，仍??(reng)以??(yi)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)為??(wei)天??(tian)下??(xia)中??(zhong)心??(xin)?，在??(zai)廣??(guang)大??(da)的??(de)四??(si)方??(fang)?，則?(ze)散??(san)布??(bu)著??(zhe)經(jīng)?(jing)過??(guo)分??(fen)封??(feng)的??(de)“王??(wang)之??(zhi)支??(zhi)子??(zi)母??(mu)弟??(di)甥??(sheng)舅?(jiu)”之??(zhi)國??(guo)和??(he)蠻??(man)、荊??(jing)、戎??(rong)、狄??(di)等??(deng)族??(zu)類??(lei)?，形??(xing)成?(cheng)了??(le)華??(hua)夏??(xia)與??(yu)戎?(rong)狄??(di)雜??(za)居??(ju)相??(xiang)處?(chu)的??(de)局??(ju)面??(mian)?。??但??(dan)《詩??(shi)經(jīng)??(jing)·大??(da)雅??(ya)·民??(min)勞?(lao)》說??(shuo)：“惠??(hui)此??(ci)中??(zhong)國??(guo)?，以??(yi)綏?(sui)四??(si)方??(fang)”??！豆??(gong)羊?(yang)傳??(chuan)·僖??(xi)公??(gong)四??(si)年??(nian)》說??(shuo)：“南?(nan)夷??(yi)與??(yu)北??(bei)狄??(di)交?(jiao)?，中??(zhong)國??(guo)不??(bu)絕??(jue)若??(ruo)線??(xian)?。”顯??(xian)然??(ran)?，隨??(sui)著??(zhe)民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)的??(de)進?(jin)一?(yi)步??(bu)加??(jia)強??(qiang)與??(yu)華?(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)共??(gong)同??(tong)體??(ti)范??(fan)圍?(wei)不??(bu)斷??(duan)擴??(kuo)大??(da)?，東??(dong)周??(zhou)時??(shi)期??(qi)的??(de)“中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)范??(fan)圍??(wei)也??(ye)不??(bu)斷??(duan)發(fā)??(fa)生??(sheng)變??(bian)化??(hua)?，但??(dan)在?(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻??(xian)中??(zhong)?，“中?(zhong)國??(guo)”與??(yu)“四??(si)方??(fang)”相??(xiang)對??(dui)?，與??(yu)“南??(nan)夷??(yi)”“北??(bei)狄??(di)”相??(xiang)互??(hu)?，顯??(xian)然??(ran)?，此??(ci)時??(shi)的??(de)中?(zhong)國??(guo)仍??(reng)然??(ran)指??(zhi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)華??(hua)夏??(xia)族??(zu)相??(xiang)對??(dui)集??(ji)中??(zhong)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)地?(di)區(qū)??(qu)?。總??(zong)之??(zhi)?，考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者?(zhe)較?(jiao)為??(wei)普??(pu)遍??(bian)地??(di)將??(jiang)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”確??(que)定??(ding)在??(zai)河?(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶?(dai)?，是??(shi)有??(you)一?(yi)定??(ding)說??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的?(de)歷??(li)史??(shi)依?(yi)據(jù)??(ju)的??(de)??！ ”M??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)對??(dui)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)千??(qian)差?(cha)萬??(wan)別??(bie)??，但??(dan)絕??(jue)大?(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)普??(pu)遍??(bian)認?(ren)為??(wei)??，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”在??(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻??(xian)所??(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的??(de)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??。?黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)??，或??(huo)公?(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右??(you)的??(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴??(yan)格??(ge)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早?(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家?(jia)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)步??(bu)入?(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史?(shi)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時?(shi)代??(dai)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。在??(zai)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)建?(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)來??(lai)的??(de)夏??(xia)商?(shang)共??(gong)主??(zhu)政??(zheng)體??(ti)制??(zhi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)制??(zhi)度??(du)中??(zhong)仍??(reng)保??(bao)留??(liu)有??(you)濃??(nong)厚??(hou)的??(de)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)制??(zhi)殘??(can)余??(yu)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)形??(xing)態(tài)??(tai)和??(he)結(jié)??(jie)構(gòu)?(gou)形?(xing)式??(shi)呈??(cheng)現(xiàn)??(xian)出?(chu)明??(ming)顯??(xian)的??(de)原??(yuan)始??(shi)性??(xing)、松??(song)散??(san)性??(xing)??，并??(bing)非??(fei)土??(tu)廣??(guang)民??(min)眾??(zhong)的??(de)廣??(guang)域??(yu)王??(wang)權(quán)??(quan)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，因?(yin)而??(er)很?(hen)難??(nan)視??(shi)為??(wei)政?(zheng)治??(zhi)地?(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾?(yu)下??(xia)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)??，通??(tong)過??(guo)對??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持??(chi)續(xù)??(xu)大??(da)規(guī)??(gui)模??(mo)的??(de)軍?(jun)事??(shi)征??(zheng)服??(fu)以??(yi)及??(ji)在??(zai)此??(ci)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，開??(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前??(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)??，初??(chu)步??(bu)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)??(tong)一??(yi)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)王??(wang)朝?(chao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)?(chu)??。西??(xi)周?(zhou)時?(shi)期??(qi)??，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空??(kong)前??(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)??，為?(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)前??(qian)身?(shen)??，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)形??(xing)成??(cheng)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了?(le)堅??(jian)實??(shi)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)的??(de)積??(ji)極??(ji)倡??(chang)導(dǎo)??(dao)并??(bing)長??(chang)期??(qi)實??(shi)踐??(jian)的??(de)“德??(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及??(ji)影??(ying)響??(xiang)周?(zhou)人?(ren)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文?(wen)化??(hua)等??(deng)方??(fang)方??(fang)面??(mian)面??(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)??，構(gòu)??(gou)成??(cheng)孔?(kong)子??(zi)仁??(ren)禮??(li)學(xué)??(xue)說??(shuo)的??(de)重??(zhong)要??(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)??，并??(bing)匯??(hui)入??(ru)數(shù)??(shu)千??(qian)年??(nian)來??(lai)中??(zhong)國??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)??，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族?(zu)生??(sheng)生??(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)?(fa)展??(zhan)壯??(zhuang)大??(da)的?(de)豐??(feng)厚??(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)?(yang)??。西??(xi)周?(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以??(yi)稱??(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)、民??(min)族??(zu)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)國??(guo)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。
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