三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道
精彩| 然??(ran)而??(er)??，“孝??(xiao)”在??(zai)西??(xi)方??(fang)始??(shi)終??(zhong)不??(bu)是??(shi)傳?(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)思??(si)想??(xiang)的??(de)核?(he)心??(xin)??，英?(ying)文?(wen)里?(li)甚??(shen)至?(zhi)沒??(mei)有??(you)“孝??(xiao)”這??(zhe)個(gè)??(ge)詞?(ci)??。??我?(wo)們?(men)常??(chang)將?(jiang)“孝??(xiao)”翻??(fan)譯??(yi)為??(wei)“filial piety”??，但??(dan)這??(zhe)個(gè)?(ge)詞??(ci)組??(zu)跟??(gen)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)文??(wen)化??(hua)語(yǔ)??(yu)境??(jing)中??(zhong)的??(de)“孝??(xiao)”仍??(reng)有??(you)很??(hen)大??(da)區(qū)??(qu)別??(bie)???！癴ilial”是?(shi)拉?(la)丁??(ding)文??(wen)??，一??(yi)個(gè)??(ge)純??(chun)粹??(cui)的??(de)形??(xing)容??(rong)家??(jia)庭??(ting)關(guān)?(guan)系??(xi)的??(de)詞??(ci)??。而??(er)“piety”的??(de)本??(ben)意??(yi)是??(shi)“虔??(qian)誠(chéng)??(cheng)”??，且??(qie)是??(shi)一??(yi)種??(zhong)對(duì)?(dui)宗??(zong)教??(jiao)信??(xin)仰??(yang)的??(de)虔??(qian)誠(chéng)??(cheng)??，兩??(liang)個(gè)??(ge)詞??(ci)放??(fang)在??(zai)一??(yi)起??(qi)的??(de)直??(zhi)接??(jie)含??(han)義??(yi)就??(jiu)是??(shi)“對(duì)??(dui)家??(jia)庭??(ting)的??(de)虔??(qian)誠(chéng)??(cheng)”??。這??(zhe)從??(cong)某??(mou)種??(zhong)角??(jiao)度??(du)來??(lai)說??(shuo)就??(jiu)是??(shi)西??(xi)方??(fang)世??(shi)界??(jie)對(duì)??(dui)儒??(ru)家??(jia)“孝??(xiao)觀??(guan)”的?(de)理?(li)解??(jie)??。因??(yin)此??(ci)直??(zhi)到??(dao)今??(jin)天??(tian)??，學(xué)??(xue)界??(jie)對(duì)??(dui)將??(jiang)“孝??(xiao)”譯?(yi)為??(wei)“filial piety”都??(dou)有??(you)很?(hen)大??(da)爭(zhēng)??(zheng)議??(yi)??。很??(hen)多?(duo)人??(ren)并??(bing)不??(bu)這??(zhe)樣??(yang)理??(li)解??(jie)“孝??(xiao)觀??(guan)”??，因??(yin)為??(wei)儒??(ru)家??(jia)思??(si)想??(xiang)里??(li)的??(de)“孝??(xiao)”沒??(mei)有??(you)一??(yi)絲??(si)西?(xi)方??(fang)的??(de)宗??(zong)教??(jiao)意??(yi)義??(yi)???！癴ilial piety”這??(zhe)個(gè)??(ge)從?(cong)西??(xi)方??(fang)宗??(zong)教??(jiao)里??(li)衍??(yan)生??(sheng)的??(de)詞??(ci)匯??(hui)??，卻??(que)試?(shi)圖??(tu)用??(yong)來??(lai)解??(jie)釋??(shi)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)庭?(ting)觀??(guan)念??(nian)??，這??(zhe)聽??(ting)起??(qi)來??(lai)的??(de)確??(que)不??(bu)太??(tai)準(zhǔn)??(zhun)確??(que)??。美??(mei)國(guó)??(guo)著?(zhu)名??(ming)漢??(han)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)安??(an)樂??(le)哲??(zhe)(Roger T. Ames)將??(jiang)“孝??(xiao)”譯??(yi)為??(wei)“family reverence”??，盡??(jin)量??(liang)避??(bi)免??(mian)“虔??(qian)誠(chéng)??(cheng)”這??(zhe)種??(zhong)過??(guo)于??(yu)沉??(chen)重??(zhong)的??(de)意??(yi)味??(wei)??，畢??(bi)竟??(jing)“孝??(xiao)”是??(shi)天??(tian)性??(xing)自??(zi)然?(ran)??，而??(er)不??(bu)是??(shi)社??(she)會(huì)??(hui)義??(yi)務(wù)??(wu)??，“reverence”更??(geng)強(qiáng)??(qiang)調(diào)?(tiao)這??(zhe)種??(zhong)內(nèi)??(nei)心??(xin)的??(de)情??(qing)感?(gan)??，但?(dan)很??(hen)遺??(yi)憾??(han)??，這??(zhe)個(gè)??(ge)詞?(ci)也??(ye)有??(you)宗??(zong)教??(jiao)意??(yi)義??(yi)??。所??(suo)以??(yi)至??(zhi)今??(jin)我??(wo)們??(men)也??(ye)沒??(mei)有??(you)一??(yi)個(gè)??(ge)被??(bei)廣??(guang)為??(wei)認(rèn)??(ren)可??(ke)的??(de)英??(ying)文??(wen)單??(dan)詞??(ci)能??(neng)直??(zhi)譯??(yi)儒??(ru)家??(jia)思??(si)想??(xiang)中??(zhong)的??(de)“孝??(xiao)”??。 但??(dan)從??(cong)哲??(zhe)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)角??(jiao)看??(kan)??，中??(zhong)西??(xi)方??(fang)從??(cong)意??(yi)識(shí)??(shi)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)上??(shang)又??(you)有??(you)很?(hen)大??(da)不??(bu)同?(tong)??。??在??(zai)我??(wo)看??(kan)來??(lai)??，西??(xi)方??(fang)哲??(zhe)學(xué)??(xue)起??(qi)源??(yuan)于??(yu)對(duì)??(dui)自??(zi)然??(ran)和??(he)世??(shi)界??(jie)的??(de)探??(tan)索??(suo)??，所??(suo)以?(yi)有??(you)一?(yi)種??(zhong)說??(shuo)法??(fa)是??(shi)“亞??(ya)里??(li)士??(shi)多??(duo)德??(de)的??(de)哲??(zhe)學(xué)??(xue)是?(shi)從??(cong)好??(hao)奇??(qi)開??(kai)始??(shi)的?(de)”??。但??(dan)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)古?(gu)代??(dai)哲??(zhe)學(xué)??(xue)思??(si)想??(xiang)立??(li)足??(zu)于??(yu)社??(she)會(huì)??(hui)問??(wen)題?(ti)??，雖??(sui)然??(ran)一??(yi)部??(bu)分??(fen)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)思??(si)想??(xiang)家??(jia)也??(ye)在?(zai)研??(yan)究??(jiu)宇??(yu)宙??(zhou)論?(lun)、陰??(yin)陽(yáng)??(yang)學(xué)??(xue)??，但??(dan)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)先??(xian)哲??(zhe)們??(men)的??(de)核?(he)心??(xin)出??(chu)發(fā)??(fa)點(diǎn)??(dian)不??(bu)是??(shi)這??(zhe)些??(xie)??，而??(er)是??(shi)如??(ru)何??(he)構(gòu)??(gou)建??(jian)一?(yi)個(gè)??(ge)和??(he)諧??(xie)的??(de)社?(she)會(huì)??(hui)??。近??(jin)年??(nian)來??(lai)??，一??(yi)些??(xie)西??(xi)方??(fang)學(xué)??(xue)者?(zhe)認(rèn)?(ren)為??(wei)??，雖??(sui)然??(ran)希??(xi)臘??(la)哲??(zhe)學(xué)??(xue)之??(zhi)源??(yuan)是??(shi)對(duì)??(dui)自??(zi)然??(ran)世??(shi)界??(jie)的??(de)探??(tan)究??(jiu)??，但??(dan)實(shí)??(shi)際??(ji)上??(shang)??，他??(ta)們??(men)的??(de)求?(qiu)索??(suo)和??(he)認(rèn)??(ren)識(shí)??(shi)也??(ye)反??(fan)映??(ying)了??(le)社??(she)會(huì)??(hui)問??(wen)題??(ti)??，比??(bi)如??(ru)怎??(zen)樣??(yang)建??(jian)立??(li)“正??(zheng)確??(que)的??(de)”秩??(zhi)序??(xu)??。這??(zhe)就??(jiu)又??(you)回?(hui)到??(dao)我??(wo)之?(zhi)前??(qian)提??(ti)到?(dao)的??(de)??，基??(ji)督??(du)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)來??(lai)臨??(lin)前??(qian)??，中??(zhong)西??(xi)方??(fang)思??(si)想??(xiang)差??(cha)異??(yi)不??(bu)大??(da)??。雖??(sui)然??(ran)彼?(bi)此??(ci)相??(xiang)隔??(ge)萬(wàn)?(wan)里??(li)??，生??(sheng)活??(huo)環(huán)??(huan)境??(jing)不?(bu)同??(tong)??，但??(dan)早??(zao)期??(qi)人??(ren)類??(lei)擁??(yong)有??(you)共??(gong)同??(tong)的??(de)好??(hao)奇??(qi)和??(he)追?(zhui)求??(qiu)??。他??(ta)們??(men)在??(zai)思??(si)考??(kao)同??(tong)樣??(yang)的??(de)問??(wen)題??(ti)??，只?(zhi)是??(shi)回??(hui)答??(da)的??(de)方??(fang)式??(shi)不??(bu)同??(tong)??。
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