三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道
精彩| 霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)是??(shi)唯??(wei)一??(yi)以??(yi)“霜??(shuang)”命??(ming)名??(ming)的??(de)節(jié)??(jie)氣??(qi)?，“霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)”作??(zuo)為??(wei)一??(yi)個(gè)??(ge)古??(gu)典??(dian)意?(yi)象??(xiang)也??(ye)深?(shen)受??(shou)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)文?(wen)人??(ren)喜??(xi)愛(ài)??(ai)?，屈??(qu)原??(yuan)《遠(yuǎn)??(yuan)游??(you)》就??(jiu)有??(you)“微??(wei)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)而??(er)下??(xia)淪??(lun)兮??(xi)?，悼??(dao)芳??(fang)草??(cao)之??(zhi)先??(xian)零?(ling)”?，唐??(tang)人??(ren)劉??(liu)長(zhǎng)??(chang)卿??(qing)《九??(jiu)日??(ri)登??(deng)李??(li)明??(ming)府??(fu)北??(bei)樓??(lou)》詠??(yong)嘆??(tan)“霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)鴻?(hong)聲??(sheng)切??(qie)?，秋??(qiu)深??(shen)客??(ke)思??(si)迷??(mi)”??。??從??(cong)字??(zi)面??(mian)來(lái)?(lai)看??(kan)?，“霜??(shuang)降?(jiang)”給??(gei)人??(ren)一??(yi)種??(zhong)霜??(shuang)“從?(cong)天??(tian)而??(er)降??(jiang)”的??(de)感??(gan)覺(jué)??(jiao)?，正?(zheng)如?(ru)民?(min)間??(jian)常??(chang)言??(yan)“下??(xia)霜??(shuang)”一??(yi)般??(ban)?，但??(dan)其??(qi)實(shí)??(shi)霜??(shuang)是??(shi)一??(yi)種??(zhong)依??(yi)地??(di)而??(er)生??(sheng)的??(de)冰??(bing)晶??(jing)??。根??(gen)據(jù)?(ju)氣??(qi)象??(xiang)學(xué)??(xue)定?(ding)義?(yi)?，霜??(shuang)是??(shi)地??(di)表??(biao)溫??(wen)度??(du)下?(xia)降??(jiang)至??(zhi)0℃及??(ji)以??(yi)下??(xia)?，近??(jin)地??(di)面??(mian)空?(kong)氣??(qi)中??(zhong)的??(de)水??(shui)汽??(qi)達(dá)??(da)到??(dao)飽??(bao)和?(he)?，在??(zai)地??(di)面??(mian)或??(huo)近??(jin)地??(di)面??(mian)物??(wu)體??(ti)上?(shang)直?(zhi)接??(jie)凝??(ning)華??(hua)形??(xing)成??(cheng)的?(de)細(xì)??(xi)小??(xiao)冰??(bing)晶??(jing)??。如?(ru)果??(guo)類(lèi)??(lei)似??(si)的?(de)現(xiàn)??(xian)象??(xiang)出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)在??(zai)高?(gao)空??(kong)的??(de)話??(hua)?，通??(tong)常??(chang)是??(shi)氣??(qi)象?(xiang)學(xué)??(xue)言??(yan)稱(chēng)??(cheng)的?(de)“霰??(xian)”?，系??(xi)一??(yi)種?(zhong)大??(da)氣??(qi)固??(gu)態(tài)?(tai)降??(jiang)水??(shui)??。古??(gu)人??(ren)常??(chang)以??(yi)“霰??(xian)”和??(he)“霜?(shuang)”近??(jin)似??(si)?，而?(er)將??(jiang)兩??(liang)者??(zhe)并?(bing)舉??(ju)???！稐??(feng)橋??(qiao)夜??(ye)泊??(bo)》中??(zhong)家??(jia)喻??(yu)戶??(hu)曉??(xiao)的??(de)名??(ming)句?(ju)“月??(yue)落??(luo)烏??(wu)啼??(ti)霜??(shuang)滿??(man)天??(tian)?，江??(jiang)楓??(feng)漁??(yu)火??(huo)對(duì)??(dui)愁??(chou)眠??(mian)”?，其?(qi)中?(zhong)的??(de)“霜?(shuang)滿??(man)天??(tian)”可??(ke)能??(neng)真??(zhen)正??(zheng)指??(zhi)代??(dai)的??(de)是??(shi)“霰??(xian)滿??(man)天??(tian)”???！ ∷??(shuang)降?(jiang)百??(bai)物??(wu)肅??(su)??，為??(wei)順??(shun)應(yīng)??(ying)肅??(su)殺??(sha)之??(zhi)氣??(qi)??，古??(gu)代??(dai)社??(she)會(huì)??(hui)有?(you)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)操??(cao)練??(lian)演?(yan)武??(wu)的??(de)制??(zhi)度??(du)??。??纛??(dao)是??(shi)古??(gu)代??(dai)軍??(jun)旗?(qi)??，古??(gu)代??(dai)軍??(jun)事??(shi)活??(huo)動(dòng)??(dong)中??(zhong)多??(duo)要??(yao)致??(zhi)祭??(ji)旗??(qi)纛??(dao)??。明??(ming)初?(chu)朱??(zhu)元??(yuan)璋??(zhang)在??(zai)全??(quan)國(guó)??(guo)推??(tui)行??(xing)祭??(ji)旗??(qi)纛??(dao)神?(shen)的??(de)官??(guan)方??(fang)祀??(si)禮??(li)??，要??(yao)求?(qiu)各??(ge)處??(chu)守??(shou)御??(yu)官??(guan)在??(zai)公??(gong)廨??(xie)后??(hou)立??(li)廟??(miao)設(shè)??(she)軍??(jun)牙??(ya)六??(liu)纛??(dao)神??(shen)位?(wei)??，在??(zai)每??(mei)年??(nian)的??(de)驚??(jing)蟄??(zhe)和??(he)霜?(shuang)降??(jiang)分?(fen)別??(bie)舉??(ju)行??(xing)春??(chun)秋??(qiu)兩??(liang)祭??(ji)??。這??(zhe)種??(zhong)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)演??(yan)兵??(bing)的??(de)祀??(si)儀??(yi)在?(zai)河??(he)北??(bei)、浙??(zhe)江??(jiang)、廣??(guang)東??(dong)等??(deng)地??(di)廣?(guang)為??(wei)流??(liu)行??(xing)??。一??(yi)般??(ban)來(lái)??(lai)說(shuō)?(shuo)??，官??(guan)兵?(bing)在??(zai)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)前??(qian)一??(yi)日??(ri)整?(zheng)裝?(zhuang)、操??(cao)兵??(bing)器??(qi)演??(yan)練??(lian)??，叫??(jiao)做??(zuo)迎??(ying)霜??(shuang)降祝(jiang)??。霜?(shuang)降??(jiang)日??(ri)當(dāng)?(dang)天??(tian)在?(zai)廟??(miao)中??(zhong)官??(guan)祭??(ji)軍??(jun)牙??(ya)六??(liu)纛??(dao)之??(zhi)神?(shen)??，放??(fang)槍??(qiang)炮??(pao)??，稱(chēng)??(cheng)為??(wei)“打??(da)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)”??。舊??(jiu)時(shí)?(shi)西??(xi)南??(nan)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)還??(hai)有??(you)“文??(wen)邊??(bian)重??(zhong)在??(zai)迎??(ying)春??(chun)??，武??(wu)邊??(bian)重??(zhong)在?(zai)迎??(ying)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)”之??(zhi)說(shuō)??(shuo)???！吧??(sha)場(chǎng)??(chang)秋??(qiu)點(diǎn)??(dian)兵??(bing)”??，有??(you)人??(ren)把??(ba)霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)稱(chēng)?(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)古??(gu)代?(dai)的??(de)“軍??(jun)人??(ren)節(jié)??(jie)”??，霜??(shuang)降??(jiang)閱??(yue)操??(cao)??，尚?(shang)武??(wu)衛(wèi)??(wei)國(guó)??(guo)??，同??(tong)時(shí)??(shi)含??(han)有??(you)拔??(ba)除??(chu)不??(bu)祥??(xiang)、國(guó)??(guo)泰??(tai)民??(min)安??(an)之??(zhi)意??(yi)??。
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