三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道
精彩| 據??(ju)《國??(guo)語??(yu)·鄭??(zheng)語??(yu)》記??(ji)載??(zai)??，一??(yi)直??(zhi)到??(dao)西??(xi)周??(zhou)末??(mo)年??(nian)鄭??(zheng)國??(guo)東??(dong)遷?(qian)前?(qian)夕??(xi)??，史??(shi)伯??(bo)縱??(zong)論??(lun)天??(tian)下??(xia)形??(xing)勢??(shi)??，仍??(reng)以?(yi)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)為??(wei)天??(tian)下??(xia)中??(zhong)心??(xin)??，在??(zai)廣??(guang)大??(da)的??(de)四??(si)方??(fang)??，則??(ze)散??(san)布??(bu)著祝(zhe)經??(jing)過??(guo)分??(fen)封??(feng)的??(de)“王??(wang)之??(zhi)支??(zhi)子??(zi)母??(mu)弟??(di)甥??(sheng)舅??(jiu)”之??(zhi)國??(guo)和??(he)蠻??(man)、荊??(jing)、戎??(rong)、狄??(di)等??(deng)族??(zu)類?(lei)??，形??(xing)成??(cheng)了??(le)華??(hua)夏??(xia)與?(yu)戎?(rong)狄??(di)雜??(za)居??(ju)相?(xiang)處??(chu)的?(de)局??(ju)面??(mian)??。??但??(dan)《詩??(shi)經??(jing)·大??(da)雅??(ya)·民??(min)勞??(lao)》說??(shuo)：“惠??(hui)此?(ci)中??(zhong)國??(guo)??，以??(yi)綏??(sui)四?(si)方??(fang)”???！豆??(gong)羊??(yang)傳??(chuan)·僖??(xi)公??(gong)四??(si)年??(nian)》說??(shuo)：“南??(nan)夷??(yi)與??(yu)北??(bei)狄??(di)交??(jiao)??，中??(zhong)國??(guo)不??(bu)絕?(jue)若??(ruo)線??(xian)???！憋@??(xian)然??(ran)??，隨??(sui)著??(zhe)民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合?(he)的??(de)進??(jin)一??(yi)步??(bu)加??(jia)強??(qiang)與??(yu)華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族?(zu)共??(gong)同?(tong)體??(ti)范??(fan)圍??(wei)不??(bu)斷??(duan)擴??(kuo)大??(da)??，東??(dong)周??(zhou)時??(shi)期??(qi)的??(de)“中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的?(de)范??(fan)圍??(wei)也??(ye)不??(bu)斷??(duan)發(fā)??(fa)生??(sheng)變?(bian)化??(hua)??，但??(dan)在??(zai)古??(gu)代?(dai)文??(wen)獻??(xian)中??(zhong)??，“中??(zhong)國?(guo)”與??(yu)“四??(si)方??(fang)”相??(xiang)對??(dui)??，與??(yu)“南??(nan)夷??(yi)”“北??(bei)狄??(di)”相??(xiang)互??(hu)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)??，此??(ci)時??(shi)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)仍??(reng)然?(ran)指??(zhi)周??(zhou)王秘(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心?(xin)和??(he)華??(hua)夏??(xia)族?(zu)相??(xiang)對??(dui)集??(ji)中??(zhong)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)地??(di)區(qū)?(qu)???？傋?zong)之??(zhi)??，考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)較?(jiao)為??(wei)普??(pu)遍??(bian)地??(di)將??(jiang)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”確??(que)定??(ding)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??，是?(shi)有??(you)一??(yi)定??(ding)說??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的??(de)歷??(li)史?(shi)依??(yi)據??(ju)的??(de)??。 近??(jin)年??(nian)來??(lai)??，“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”是??(shi)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)界??(jie)使??(shi)用??(yong)較??(jiao)為??(wei)頻??(pin)繁??(fan)且??(qie)爭??(zheng)議??(yi)較??(jiao)大??(da)的??(de)語?(yu)匯?(hui)??。??分??(fen)歧??(qi)的??(de)主??(zhu)要??(yao)原??(yuan)因?(yin)在??(zai)于??(yu)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)對??(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”關??(guan)注??(zhu)的??(de)角??(jiao)度?(du)和??(he)使??(shi)用??(yong)的??(de)標??(biao)準?(zhun)差??(cha)異?(yi)明??(ming)顯??(xian)??。目??(mu)前??(qian)對??(dui)應??(ying)考??(kao)古??(gu)資??(zi)料??(liao)??，中??(zhong)國??(guo)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)界??(jie)對??(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中?(zhong)國?(guo)”概??(gai)念?(nian)的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)仍??(reng)存??(cun)在??(zai)較??(jiao)大??(da)分??(fen)歧??(qi)??。比??(bi)如??(ru)??，孫??(sun)慶??(qing)偉??(wei)先??(xian)生??(sheng)認??(ren)為??(wei)??，從??(cong)何?(he)尊??(zun)銘??(ming)文??(wen)“宅??(zhai)茲??(zi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”出??(chu)發(fā)??(fa)??，追??(zhui)溯??(su)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??，必??(bi)須??(xu)回??(hui)歸??(gui)到??(dao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)層??(ceng)面??(mian)來??(lai)思??(si)考?(kao)??，必??(bi)須??(xu)圍??(wei)繞??(rao)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)華??(hua)夏??(xia)文?(wen)明??(ming)這?(zhe)個??(ge)核??(he)心??(xin)來??(lai)探?(tan)討??(tao)??。所??(suo)謂??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中?(zhong)國?(guo)”??，實??(shi)際??(ji)上??(shang)就??(jiu)是??(shi)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)華??(hua)夏??(xia)文??(wen)明??(ming)的??(de)最??(zui)早??(zao)凸??(tu)顯??(xian)??。黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)代??(dai)表??(biao)了??(le)華??(hua)夏?(xia)文??(wen)明??(ming)的??(de)最??(zui)初??(chu)自??(zi)覺??(jiao)??，標??(biao)志??(zhi)著?(zhe)“中??(zhong)國??(guo)”觀??(guan)念??(nian)的??(de)萌??(meng)芽?(ya)??，是??(shi)真??(zhen)正??(zheng)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的?(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。張??(zhang)國??(guo)碩??(shuo)先?(xian)生??(sheng)則??(ze)認??(ren)為??(wei)??，探??(tan)討??(tao)何??(he)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??，應??(ying)具??(ju)備??(bei)位??(wei)于??(yu)黃??(huang)河??(he)流??(liu)域??(yu)、進??(jin)入??(ru)早?(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家??(jia)、文??(wen)化??(hua)地??(di)位??(wei)占??(zhan)據??(ju)優(yōu)??(you)勢??(shi)等??(deng)三??(san)項??(xiang)基??(ji)本??(ben)條??(tiao)件?(jian)??。綜??(zong)上??(shang)可?(ke)知??(zhi)??，“最??(zui)早?(zao)的?(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”基??(ji)本?(ben)是??(shi)由??(you)考??(kao)古??(gu)學?(xue)者??(zhe)提??(ti)出??(chu)、使?(shi)用??(yong)并??(bing)在??(zai)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)界??(jie)長??(chang)期??(qi)聚?(ju)訟??(song)不??(bu)止??(zhi)???？??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)對??(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”關??(guan)注??(zhu)的?(de)角??(jiao)度??(du)和??(he)使??(shi)用??(yong)的??(de)標??(biao)準??(zhun)頗??(po)為??(wei)懸??(xuan)殊?(shu)??，所??(suo)以??(yi)得??(de)出??(chu)的??(de)結??(jie)論??(lun)??，自??(zi)然??(ran)也??(ye)各??(ge)不??(bu)相??(xiang)同??(tong)??。
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