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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道

精彩|　　“乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)家??(jia)族??(zu)史??(shi)”是??(shi)指??(zhi)家??(jia)族??(zu)中??(zhong)一??(yi)級??(ji)或??(huo)二??(er)級??(ji)親??(qin)屬??(shu)具??(ju)有??(you)患?(huan)癌??(ai)的??(de)病??(bing)史??(shi)??。??一??(yi)級??(ji)親??(qin)屬?(shu)??，包??(bao)括??(kuo)父??(fu)母??(mu)、兄??(xiong)弟??(di)、姐??(jie)妹??(mei)、子?(zi)女??(nv)；而??(er)二??(er)級??(ji)親?(qin)屬??(shu)??，包??(bao)括??(kuo)祖祝(zu)父??(fu)母??(mu)、阿??(e)姨??(yi)、叔??(shu)叔??(shu)、堂?(tang)兄?(xiong)弟??(di)、堂??(tang)姐??(jie)妹??(mei)等??(deng)??。“家??(jia)族?(zu)性?(xing)乳?(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)”則??(ze)指??(zhi)的??(de)是??(shi)在??(zai)一??(yi)個?(ge)家?(jia)族??(zu)中??(zhong)有??(you)2個??(ge)或??(huo)2個??(ge)以??(yi)上??(shang)具??(ju)有?(you)血??(xue)緣??(yuan)關(guān)?(guan)系??(xi)的??(de)成??(cheng)員??(yuan)患??(huan)有??(you)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)??，呈??(cheng)現(xiàn)??(xian)出??(chu)一??(yi)定??(ding)家??(jia)族??(zu)聚??(ju)集?(ji)性??(xing)的?(de)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)???！斑z??(yi)傳??(chuan)性??(xing)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)”是??(shi)指??(zhi)攜??(xie)帶??(dai)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)遺??(yi)傳??(chuan)易??(yi)感??(gan)相?(xiang)關(guān)??(guan)基??(ji)因?(yin)的??(de)突??(tu)變?(bian)(如??(ru)BRCA基??(ji)因??(yin))??。遺??(yi)傳??(chuan)性??(xing)乳??(ru)癌??(ai)占??(zhan)家??(jia)族??(zu)性??(xing)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)的??(de)55%-60%??，其??(qi)余??(yu)的??(de)是??(shi)由??(you)于??(yu)非??(fei)遺??(yi)傳?(chuan)的??(de)因??(yin)素??(su)??，如??(ru)相??(xiang)同??(tong)的??(de)飲??(yin)食??(shi)習??(xi)慣??(guan)、生??(sheng)活??(huo)壓??(ya)力??(li)、性??(xing)格??(ge)特??(te)征??(zheng)及??(ji)情??(qing)緒??(xu)狀??(zhuang)態(tài)??(tai)等??(deng)導??(dao)致??(zhi)的??(de)???！　??(zhuan)家??(jia)介??(jie)紹??(shao)??，直??(zhi)系??(xi)親??(qin)屬??(shu)中??(zhong)患?(huan)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)的??(de)人??(ren)數(shù)??(shu)越??(yue)多??(duo)??，患??(huan)病??(bing)風??(feng)險??(xian)相??(xiang)應(yīng)??(ying)越?(yue)大??(da)??。??如??(ru)有??(you)一??(yi)位??(wei)直?(zhi)系??(xi)親??(qin)屬??(shu)患??(huan)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)??，則??(ze)患?(huan)病??(bing)的??(de)危??(wei)險?(xian)性??(xing)增?(zeng)加??(jia)1.5—3倍??(bei)；如??(ru)有??(you)兩??(liang)位?(wei)直??(zhi)系??(xi)親??(qin)屬??(shu)患??(huan)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)??，則??(ze)患??(huan)病??(bing)率?(lv)將??(jiang)增??(zeng)加??(jia)7倍??(bei)；具??(ju)有??(you)遺??(yi)傳??(chuan)性??(xing)乳??(ru)癌??(ai)基??(ji)因??(yin)檢?(jian)測??(ce)為??(wei)BRCA1、BRCA2基??(ji)因??(yin)突??(tu)變??(bian)的?(de)患??(huan)者??(zhe)??，患??(huan)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)、卵??(luan)巢??(chao)癌??(ai)和??(he)其??(qi)他??(ta)惡??(e)性??(xing)腫??(zhong)瘤??(liu)的??(de)風??(feng)險??(xian)增??(zeng)加??(jia)??，對??(dui)于??(yu)BRCA1突?(tu)變??(bian)攜??(xie)帶??(dai)者??(zhe)??，≤70歲??(sui)時??(shi)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)累??(lei)積??(ji)風??(feng)險??(xian)為?(wei)55%—70%??，BRCA2突??(tu)變??(bian)攜??(xie)帶??(dai)者??(zhe)的??(de)相?(xiang)應(yīng)??(ying)累??(lei)積??(ji)風??(feng)險??(xian)為??(wei)45%—70%；盡?(jin)管?(guan)上??(shang)述??(shu)數(shù)??(shu)據(jù)??(ju)表??(biao)明??(ming)有??(you)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)家??(jia)族??(zu)史??(shi)的??(de)女??(nv)性??(xing)患??(huan)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)概??(gai)率?(lv)成?(cheng)倍??(bei)增?(zeng)加??(jia)??，但??(dan)臨??(lin)床??(chuang)上??(shang)有??(you)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)家??(jia)族??(zu)史??(shi)的??(de)并??(bing)不??(bu)一??(yi)定??(ding)患??(huan)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)??。據(jù)??(ju)相??(xiang)關(guān)??(guan)統(tǒng)??(tong)計秘(ji)??，僅??(jin)15%—20%的??(de)乳??(ru)腺??(xian)癌??(ai)女??(nv)性??(xing)患??(huan)者??(zhe)有?(you)家?(jia)族??(zu)史??(shi)??。

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