三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道
精彩| 盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)為??(wei)止??(zhi)??，考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)對??(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)??，千??(qian)差?(cha)萬?(wan)別??(bie)??，但??(dan)頗??(po)可??(ke)值?(zhi)得??(de)注??(zhu)意??(yi)的??(de)??，除?(chu)了??(le)何??(he)駑??(nu)先??(xian)生??(sheng)以??(yi)陶??(tao)寺??(si)遺??(yi)址??(zhi)為??(wei)“最?(zui)初??(chu)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”及??(ji)孫??(sun)慶??(qing)偉??(wei)先??(xian)生?(sheng)以??(yi)“黃??(huang)帝??(di)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)”是??(shi)真??(zhen)正??(zheng)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的?(de)觀??(guan)點??(dian)外??(wai)??，其??(qi)他??(ta)學??(xue)者??(zhe)無??(wu)論?(lun)將??(jiang)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”解??(jie)釋??(shi)為??(wei)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，抑??(yi)或??(huo)是??(shi)二??(er)里??(li)頭?(tou)文??(wen)明??(ming)及??(ji)何??(he)尊??(zun)所??(suo)記??(ji)西?(xi)周??(zhou)王?(wang)朝??(chao)初??(chu)年??(nian)的??(de)都??(dou)邑??(yi)??，但?(dan)以??(yi)上??(shang)地??(di)點??(dian)則??(ze)均??(jun)在??(zai)古??(gu)代?(dai)文??(wen)獻??(xian)所?(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的??(de)河?(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??。?? 學??(xue)術??(shu)界??(jie)對?(dui)中?(zhong)國??(guo)文??(wen)明??(ming)起?(qi)源??(yuan)和??(he)早??(zao)期??(qi)發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)的??(de)研??(yan)究??(jiu)??，由??(you)來??(lai)已??(yi)久??(jiu)??。??近??(jin)年??(nian)來??(lai)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)家??(jia)提??(ti)出?(chu)了??(le)進??(jin)入??(ru)文??(wen)明?(ming)社?(she)會??(hui)的??(de)新??(xin)的??(de)標?(biao)準??(zhun)??，即??(ji)生??(sheng)產??(chan)發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)??，人?(ren)口秘(kou)增?(zeng)加??(jia)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)城??(cheng)市??(shi)；社?(she)會??(hui)分??(fen)工??(gong)??，階??(jie)層??(ceng)分??(fen)化??(hua)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)階??(jie)級?(ji)；權??(quan)力??(li)不??(bu)斷??(duan)強?(qiang)化??(hua)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)?(xian)王??(wang)權??(quan)和??(he)國??(guo)家??(jia)??。盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)中??(zhong)國??(guo)學??(xue)術??(shu)界??(jie)尚??(shang)未??(wei)有??(you)對??(dui)文??(wen)明??(ming)的??(de)標?(biao)志??(zhi)一??(yi)致??(zhi)的??(de)答??(da)案??(an)??，但??(dan)學??(xue)者??(zhe)們?(men)幾??(ji)乎??(hu)異??(yi)口??(kou)同??(tong)聲?(sheng)地??(di)贊??(zan)同??(tong)馬??(ma)克??(ke)思??(si)主??(zhu)義??(yi)經??(jing)典??(dian)作??(zuo)家??(jia)“國?(guo)家??(jia)是??(shi)文??(wen)明??(ming)社??(she)會??(hui)的??(de)概??(gai)括?(kuo)”的??(de)論??(lun)斷??(duan)??，認??(ren)為?(wei)國??(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)出??(chu)現(xiàn)?(xian)是??(shi)文?(wen)明??(ming)形??(xing)成??(cheng)的??(de)標??(biao)志??(zhi)??。既??(ji)然??(ran)如??(ru)此??(ci)??，黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生?(sheng)??，或??(huo)公??(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右?(you)的??(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，正??(zheng)處??(chu)于??(yu)人??(ren)類??(lei)學??(xue)上??(shang)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)氏??(shi)族??(zu)部??(bu)落??(luo)階??(jie)段??(duan)??，或??(huo)者??(zhe)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)上??(shang)所?(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)新??(xin)石??(shi)器??(qi)時??(shi)代??(dai)早??(zao)中??(zhong)期??(qi)??，或?(huo)即?(ji)蘇?(su)秉??(bing)琦??(qi)先??(xian)生??(sheng)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)“古??(gu)國??(guo)”時??(shi)代??(dai)或??(huo)滿??(man)天??(tian)星??(xing)斗?(dou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，既??(ji)然??(ran)該??(gai)階?(jie)段??(duan)尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起?(qi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴??(yan)格??(ge)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早??(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)步??(bu)入??(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學?(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史??(shi)學??(xue)家??(jia)所??(suo)說?(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，無??(wu)論??(lun)任?(ren)何??(he)的??(de)文?(wen)化??(hua)圈??(quan)或??(huo)文??(wen)化??(hua)相??(xiang)互??(hu)作??(zuo)用??(yong)圈??(quan)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。
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